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Author
Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Nov 4;annrheumdis-2020-218412.doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218412. Online ahead of print.
Roy M Fleischmann 1, Ricardo Blanco 2, Stephen Hall 3, Glen T D Thomson 4, Filip E Van den Bosch 5 6, Cristiano Zerbini 7, Louis Bessette 8 9, Jeffrey Enejosa 10, Yihan Li 10, Yanna Song 10, Ryan DeMasi 10, In-Ho Song 10
Author Information
1 Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Dallas, Texas, USA rfleischmann@arthdocs.com.
2 Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
3 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Cabrini Health and Emeritus Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
4 CIADS Research, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
5 Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
6 VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Ghent, Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
7 Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo, Brazil.
8 Université Laval Faculté de médecine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
9 Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
10 AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of immediate switch from upadacitinib to adalimumab, or vice versa, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with non-response or incomplete-response to the initial therapy.
Methods: SELECT-COMPARE randomised patients to upadacitinib 15 mg once daily (n=651), placebo (n=651) or adalimumab 40 mg every other week (n=327). A treat-to-target study design was implemented, with blinded rescue occurring prior to week 26 for patients who did not achieve at least 20% improvement in both tender and swollen joint counts ('non-responders') and at week 26 based on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) >10 ('incomplete-responders') without washout.
Results: A total of 39% (252/651) and 49% (159/327) of patients originally randomised to upadacitinib and adalimumab were rescued to the alternate therapy. In both switch groups (adalimumab to upadacitinib and vice versa) and in non-responders and incomplete-responders, improvements in disease activity were observed at 3 and 6 months following rescue. CDAI low disease activity was achieved by 36% and 47% of non-responders and 45% and 58% of incomplete-responders switched to adalimumab and upadacitinib, respectively, 6 months following switch. Overall, approximately 5% of rescued patients experienced worsening in disease activity at 6 months postswitch. The frequency of adverse events was similar between switch groups.
Conclusions: These observations support a treat-to-target strategy, in which patients who fail to respond initially (or do not achieve sufficient response) are switched to a therapy with an alternate mechanism of action and experience improved outcomes. No new safety findings were observed despite immediate switch without washout.